Shoulder Dislocation
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چکیده
Mechanism Shoulder dislocation is usually anterior (95-98% of cases). [1]However, posterior dislocation can sometimes occur. Inferior, superior and intrathoracic dislocations can also occur but are rare and will not be discussed further. Anterior dislocation is almost invariably traumatic. It usually occurs when people fall with a combination of abduction, extension and a posteriorly directed force on the arm. [2] A fall on to an outstretched hand is a common mechanism in the elderly. The humeral head is forced anteriorly, out of the glenohumeral joint, tearing the shoulder capsule and detaching the labrum from the glenoid. A fracture of the humeral head, neck or greater tuberosity can occur at the same time. [3] Posterior dislocation is less common. It is generally caused by forces with the shoulder held in internal rotation and adduction. It may result from an epileptic fit or an electrocution or lightning injury. [4]An unexplained posterior dislocation should raise the possibility of a convulsion. [5] It can occasionally occur due to a direct blow during trauma, usually associated with sport.
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